AI Generated Transcript
Hello and welcome everyone to Basics with Bits for Saturday, July 26, 2025. My name is Marci, and I would like to thank the team that is helping me today. Cindy for hosting us in Zoom, Nikki for broadcasting us in Clubhouse and streaming us on Media5, and Debby who does this wonderful presentation about copying, cutting, and pasting. I want to tell you a little bit about Bits. We are on the web at bits-acb.org. We are the blind information technology specialists and welcome anyone at any level who wants to learn about technology. There is a BITS announce list that you can subscribe to. So if you go onto the website and look for that announce information, you can get that information and join us on our chats on Friday and Saturday nights. And there are a lot of things that Bits is doing right now. We’re in the middle of an AI class. We have done an Office class. We have taught Python. In the fall, the Google Suite is scheduled to be taught, so we can learn a lot about copying and pasting information. We always find good information on the web, or sometimes people send us information that we want to save, and so it’s very important to know how to copy and paste information with JAWS and NVDA. So, Debra will be here to answer questions after we play her presentation, so please enjoy this wonderful presentation about copying and pasting data and saving it so that we can use it later. Today we’re going to work on selecting text and saving it. And we’re going to start with beginner things, but we’re going to move into some Windows Clipboard tricks and how to do things with both JAWS and NVDA that make it easy to capture information from webpages, documents, and even error messages that might appear on your screen. Let’s get started first by reading through this Microsoft webpage on using the Clipboard. Heading level 2 using the clipboard when you copy content on your PC, it’s automatically copied to your clipboard for you to paste. You can paste multiple items from your clipboard history, and you can also pin the items you tend to use all the time and sync your clipboard history to the cloud. Here are some answers to questions you might have about your clipboard. Open clipboard settings button. Heading level 3 button collapsed. How do I turn on my clipboard history for the first time? Heading level 3 button collapsed. How do I sync my clipboard items to my PC? Heading level 3 button collapsed How do I clear my clipboard history? Heading level 3 button collapsed How do I clear an individual item I don’t want to see in the clipboard history anymore? Heading level 2 Troubleshooting the clipboard Heading level 3 button collapsed I can’t see my clipboard history Heading level 3 button collapsed My clipboard isn’t syncing to my devices Heading level 3 button collapsed I can’t copy items to my clipboard history Heading level 3 button collapsed My clipboard items are disappearing from my clipboard history Tab panel and article in. So you can see there’s a lot of information here about using a Windows clipboard. We’re going to try saving the information from each of these questions and the answers. And we are going to use different techniques for selecting each one. So let’s start by expanding the first button. Here are some answers to questions you might have about your clipboard. How do I turn on my clipboard history for the first time heading level 3 button collapsed? We’re going to press enter to expand this little section of the web page so we can learn how to turn on our clipboard history. Enter. Expanded. How do I turn on my clipboard history for the first time heading level 3 button expanded? To turn your clipboard on for the first time select Windows logo key V and then select turn on. There’s just a really simple way to turn on clipboard history. Now, you may not want to do that, but one thing you do want to know how to do is select text. Selecting text is easy. All we have to do is go up to the piece of text we want to select and hold down the shift key while we use our regular navigation keys. So I want to select this one line of text. To turn your clipboard on for the first time, select Windows logo key V and then select turn on. But I don’t want to turn clipboard history on yet because that’s an advanced feature. I just want to save the information on how to do it. So I’m going to do home to go to the beginning of the line. Home, T, Tango. And then I’m going to hold down the shift and the down arrow to select this piece of text. To turn your clipboard on for the first time, comma, select Windows logo key plus V, comma, and then a select turn on period. And I’ve selected this hunk of text. I’m going to do control C for copy. and then I’m going to run Notepad and paste it there. Windows R, run dialog, type n-o-t-e-p-a-d, enter, untitled-notepad. And I’m going to paste this line of text and then I’m going to read it. To turn your clipboard on for the first time, comma, select Windows logo key plus v, comma, and then a select turn on period. So let me cover quickly the keys that beginners all learn to select text. You hold down the shift key while you do your navigation keys. So shift right arrow selects the word, the character to the right. Shift left arrow selects the character to the left. Shift control right arrow selects the word to the right. Shift control left arrow selects the word to the left. Shift up and down arrows select up and down by lines, respectively. Shift home selects from your current location to the beginning of the line. Shift end selects from your current location to the end of the line. Shift page down selects whatever page down does in your particular application, usually moving by page or by 25 line. and shift page up does the same thing in the reverse direction so the deal is if you’re moving mouse button and they drag their mouse over that area. And that’s how they select text. You’ll also field in Windows and edit box and you’re editing, your shift with any of your arrows or control arrows is going to let you select text either in JAWS or NVDA. If you are using JAWS, you can also select text when the virtual cursor is active. So you can select from web pages and from the JAWS help. You can’t do that with NVIDIA, but we have a new way to select text of NVIDIA. So I’ll be soon. Now let’s pretend that we’ve been using this clipboard history advanced feature for a while, but we’re kind of confused and we want to go through this troubleshooting section and we want to save all that information. We’ve learned that we can select information by holding down the shift and hitting the arrow keys. That’s beginner stuff. But now let’s suppose we have a web page with a lot of details and we want to save all that. There’s a more advanced way to do it in JAWS. So first we’re going to look through this troubleshooting information to figure out what we want to save. Let’s pretend now we’re having a little trouble with this clipboard history and we need some information from this web page. Heading level two troubleshooting the clipboard. Heading level 3 button collapsed. I can see my clipboard history. Heading level 3 button collapsed. My clipboard isn’t syncing to my devices. Heading level 3 button collapsed. I can copy items to my clipboard history. Heading level 3 button collapsed. My clipboard items are disappearing from my clipboard history. Tab panel and article end. All right, let’s go back and uncollapse all these buttons so we have all the text in front of us first. You’ll know a lot of times when you’re looking at webpages that have a great deal of support information that it will be all collapsed until you expand it. Heading level 2 troubleshooting the clipboard. I can see my clipboard history heading level 3 button collapsed. I’m going to press enter to expand it. And now we’ll go to the next heading. My clipboard isn’t syncing to my devices heading level 3 button collapsed. And we’ll press enter and expand that. Expanded. Now we’ll go to the next heading. I can’t copy items to my clipboard history heading level 3 button collapsed. And we’ll press enter. Now we’ll go to the next heading. My clipboard items are disappearing from my clipboard history heading level 3 button collapsed. Now we’ll press enter and expand that item. Expanded. And then we’ll do the next heading. Need more help heading level 3. Well, we don’t need more help yet. It’s all here on the web page. So we’re going to go back to the heading level 2. Troubleshooting the clipboard heading level 2. And there is the start of the text we want to select. So our magic keyboard shortcut to select text here is Control Windows K. So I’m going to do Control Windows K. Temporary place marker set. Heading level 2 troubleshooting the clipboard. And JAWS has set a temporary place marker. So now we’re going to read all this troubleshooting information. Heading level 2 troubleshooting the clipboard. Heading level 3 button expanded I can see my clipboard history. Make sure you’ve turned on clipboard history. To turn your clipboard on for the first time, select Windows logo key V and select turn on. Clipboard history gets cleared each time you restart your PC, except for the items you’ve pinned. Heading level 3 button expanded my clipboard isn’t syncing to my devices. You can choose to have your copied items sync automatically to your other devices. Note, the sync feature is tied to your Microsoft account or your work account, so remember to use the same login information on all your devices. List of pre-items 1. Select Start Settings System Clipboard 2. In the Clipboard History across your devices section, set the toggle to On. 3. Select Automatically Sync Text Data Copy. Note, the manually sync text that I copy option would mean you’d need to open your clipboard history windows logo key V and manually select the sync button on all. Now let’s say you say this is great information, but I don’t need it all now. I just want to save it. So when I do need it, I will have it. So we’re going to arrow down really quick. I want to save all this stuff. So we’re going to go to the next heading. Was this information helpful heading level two? Yes, this information was very helpful. So this is now we’ve got all the text captured that we want. And we’re going to do the next magic keystroke. We’re going to do insert space, which creates a layered command. Space. And then we’re going to place and for set mark. Selecting between mark place. in current position. So again, the sequence for selecting text on a web page or in a Word document with JAWS, control, Windows K, which sets a temporary place marker, then go to where you want to stop selecting text by any means you want. You don’t have to hold the shift key. And then you’re going to do insert space to start a layered command and then M for mark, and it will set a mark to mark the end of your selection. So now you’ve selected between where you set the temporary place marker with Control Windows K, and where you have ended the mark with Insert Space M. Now we’re going to do Control C to copy the text to our clipboard. And I don’t have any verbalization, but your JAWS might say text copy to clipboard. And now I can run Notepad and copy all of it there. Windows R, run dialog And I’m going to type N-O-T-E-P-A-D, enter And notepad is going to open Untitled dash notepad And I’m going to do control Z and it’s going to paste it And if your JAWS is set to beginner level, we’ll say paste it from clipboard Troubleshooting the clipboard I can apostrophe T see my clipboard history Make sure you apostrophe veteran on clipboard history period. And you notice I have punctuation on for notepad, but I have punctuation off for the website, but it’s the same text. I’ve saved it. So again, we’ve learned two ways to select text in JAWS. We have done the shift with the various arrow keys to select text, and then we have to do control C to copy it. And then we go to where we want to copy it, like Word or Notepad, and we do Control-Z to paste. We’ve also done Control-Windows-K to set a temporary place marker. This works in Word, and it works on the web with all three browsers. Then we’ve gone to the end of where we want to select text, and we’ve done Insert Space to create a layered command, and N for Mark. And that’s marking all the text we want to select. and then we’ve done control C to copy it. We’ve gone to where we want to paste it and we’ve done control Z to copy it. We are going to deliberately create an error message and learn how to save it. And then we’re going to do the same thing by capturing our Windows version. All right. So the first thing we’re going to do is create the error. So we’re going to try to access a drive that is not on my PC. I’m going to do Windows R. Windows R. And then I’m going to type G colon. I do not have a G drive on my system. If you use Google Drive, which I do on my work computer, you might actually have a G drive, but I do not. So we’re going to get an error. Enter. Location is not available. Dialogue. OK button. Now, if I read what’s at my focus. OK button. That’s all I can read. I heard that message. But the way I get to it is by either using the JAWS cursor. JAWS to PC. Location is not available. Dialogue. G colon backslash is unavailable. If the location is on this PC, make sure the device or drive is connected or the disk is inserted and then try again. If the location is on a network, make sure you’re connected to the network or internet and then try again. If the location still can’t be found, it might. have been moved or deleted. Okay button. That’s a pretty explanatory error message, but we don’t have a cursor here. We don’t have a PC cursor. We don’t have a virtual cursor. So we don’t have an copy and paste, but there is a secret. JAWS can virtualize the current window and that includes anything without a cursor. So to do that, we hold the JAWS key, the ALT key, and the W key. So let’s go ahead and do that. Location is not available. And it should say virtualizing window. I have a lot of these messages turned off, but your JAWS will probably say that. And now in the virtual viewer, we actually have the full text of the window. Location is not available. We can select all that text with control A. Location is not available. G colon backslash is unavailable period. If the location is on this PC comma, make sure the device or drive is connected or the disk is inserted comma and then try again period. If the location is on the network comma, make sure you’re connected to the network or internet comma and then try again period. If the location still can’t be found comma, it might have been moved or deleted period. And now that we’ve done that, we’ve selected all the text and it read to us. We can do Control-C to copy. After I copy it, I’m going to press Escape to make the virtual viewer disappear. And then I’m going to run Notepad. So I’m going to do Windows. I’m going to type Notepad. I’m going to press Enter. Now I’m in Notepad. Untitled dash notepad. And I can do paste. And then I can see that my text is there. Location is not available. G colon. So I’ve copied that error message. Now let’s copy one more interesting thing. Let’s suppose that we need to save our Windows version in an email we’re sending to tech support. So to get your Windows information, you run a program called Winver. So I’m going to do Windows R. Windows R. Run dialog. Type Winver. W-I-N-V-E-R. I’m going to press Enter. Enter. About Windows dialog. Microsoft Windows version 24H tool left per an OS build 26100.4652 right per an copyright Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The Windows 11 Enterprise operating system is… So it’s really this long thing, but again, we do not have a cursor. We don’t have an easy way to copy this text. So we’re going to virtualize the current window with Alt, JAWS key, and W. About Windows. Then we can arrow down to where we actually need to copy. Microsoft Windows. Version 24H tool left per an OS build 26,000. And that’s what we need. So I’m going to do home to go to the beginning of that line. Home. V. I’m going to do shift and to go to the end to select from the entire line. Shift. Version 24H tool left paren OS build 26100.4652 right paren. Now I’ve selected all that text. I’m going to do control C to copy it. I’ve done that. And now I can open my email and I can do Control-V and paste it. My Windows version is, remember, I’m writing to tech support, so I’m telling them what my Windows version is. And I’m going to go press Enter at the end of the line, and I’m going to paste it, and now I can read it. I’m able to copy it and paste it into my email. Now, let’s suppose now you have a different problem. You’ve received an error message, but you cannot find it on screen anywhere. I’m going to actually create the same error message. It is going to be on screen, but we’re going to pretend that you can’t find it. I’m going to show you how to use JAWS speech history to capture that. So we’re going to do Windows R. Windows R, run dialog. And we’re going to try to access again a drive I don’t have. So I’m going to type L colon. I’m going to press enter. We’re going to get this error message. Enter. Location is not available. Dialogue. OK button. And you see it’s not reading the whole message here, but we will pretend that we want to copy that. Location is not available. But how do we get to it if we can’t find it on screen? We use speech history. And there are three different keystrokes for speech history. They’re all layered keystrokes. So you do insert space for a layer command, and then you can either do H to put the speech history in the virtual viewer. You can do control H to copy the speech history to the keyboard, or you can do shift H to clear the speech history. Let’s try doing H. Speech history. My clipboard items are disappearing from my clipboard history heading level three button expanded. Okay, button. Okay, button. Okay. Remember this? That’s way back when we started doing these recordings. Speech history is in a reverse order. It is about 500 utterances. So we’re going to go down to the end of the speech history. Okay, button. Location is not available. Dialogue. And that’s what we want. it. Now we just did control and to go to the end of the speech history. Everything speech has said is just in this long list here. And then if we find something we want to copy, we can just use our regular shift. I’m going to hold down the shift and hit the down arrow. Location is not available. Dialogue. And it’s saved. It’s selected that text. I can do control C and copy it and put it anywhere I want. Let’s hit escape. Escape. Okay. Run dial type in a escape. And we’re going to again to get out of all of the other things that we had, the error message, the virtual viewer. Now we’re going to clear our speech history. Space. Insert space. Shift H. Speech history cleared. Shift H clears the speech history. Control H copies it to the clipboard so you can have the whole gosh darn thing all 500 utterances or just age by itself lets you look at it in the virtual nvda checkbox check 10 of 12 that’s nvda booting up we are going to use nvda now to do some text with Google Assistant, Gemini is capable of doing some truly amazing things. It represents a fundamental shift in how we can interact with AI to get things done. Let’s suppose you wanted to select that text. You’re writing an email to a friend and you want to tell them about Gemini. So we’ll go back up to this heading. Comparing Gemini with Google Assistant heading level two. And now we’re going to hold down the insert or caps lock and hit function key F9. Start marked. And that is starting the beginning of selecting text. So now we’re going to arrow down. Gemini is capable. Things done. Because Gemini. Gemini is built with Google Assistant. We’re going to arrow down more. We want to select a big chunk of text. Link double. Here’s a list popular features from Google Assistant that are available now or coming soon to Gemini. Please keep in mind that this old link. We want to select all of this because later we can just take out the stuff we don’t want. Okay, so let’s pretend we’ve selected everything we want. And now what we’re going to do is insert our caps lock key with F10, function key F10. Now if we hold down the insert caps lock and hit F10 twice quickly, we can copy that selected text to the clipboard. All we’ve done right now is select it and we haven’t copied it. So we’re twice fast. Hold insert a caps lock and hit F10 twice fast. Pre-copy to clipboard 2276 characters. Now it’s copied to the clipboard. We don’t have to do control C because that’s already done. We And if you know how to use NVDA’s object review mode, you can also use any of those review modes and hit the insert F9 and insert F10 to mark the start and end and then insert F10 twice to copy the text from the review cursor or the object navigator in NVDA. Now I showed you the speech history for JAWS. You can also get speech history for NVDA. I’m going to show you how to get it. And you have to download it from the add-on store. So let’s go ahead and do that. We’re going to do insert or caps lock plus N. NVDA menu. We’re going to go to tools. View log L. We’re going to go to add-on store. Speech viewer S. Braille viewer B. Add-on store. And just so you know, the speech viewer is a visual thing. So sighted teachers can see what NBDA is saying. That’s different for speech history. So we’re going to go to the add-on store. I’m going to press enter here. Add-on store warning dialogue. Add-ons are created. There’s a warning about how add-ons are created by the community. We’re going to skip that. OK button auto. We’re going to hit OK. Add-on store installed add-ons. Now there are tabs here. We’re looking at installed add-ons. And when we hit control tab, we go to the next tab, which is updatable add-ons. We want to go past that with another control tab. Available add-ons tab selected. Now this is the available add-ons. So we want to go in here and find speech history. I’m going to hit tab. Sort by column. Combo box name. A channel. Combo box stable collapsed. Alt N. And there are several channels, including beta, but we want to stick with stable. So let’s hit tab again. Include incompatible add-ons checkbox not checked. I’ll die. We don’t want to include incompatible add-ons. So we’re going to hit tab again. Search. Edit alts blank. And we could type speech history here, but I’m going to show you a different way to find it. We’re going to hit tab again. Available add-ons. List all day. Add-ons documentation. Statics. And here’s a big list. AI chatbot. AI content describe. AI image generator. AI sound five. Chinese TDS. AI summarizer. There’s tons of add-ons here. Now, I’m going to just hit S for first letter navigation. S is in sound or speech. Say product name and version. Say current keyboard language. Scan box for NVDA. Screen wrapping for NVDA. Screenshots wizard. Search with sentence NAV. Show selection when Braille is tethered to review. Status. I’m just hitting the down arrow. Available. Simple copy. Special character. Speech history review and copying. Status. And that’s the one you want. Available version 2025.1, channel, stable, publisher, James Scholz, date, 6-18-2025-122-160. We’ll hit tab here. Description, edit read only multi-line. This add-on allows you to review the most recent strings spoken by NVDA by default using Shift-F11 and Shift-F12. A panel for the add-on to increase or decrease the maximum number of stored history entries, and decide whether WIT espace should be trimmed from the start or end of text. Change the supplied keystrokes. Actions button Alt C. We’re gonna do actions. Correct. Context menu. Install I. And we can install. Homepage M. We can look at its homepage. License L. We can look at its license. Source code C. We can even look at its source code because it’s an open source product here. Community reviews V. We can look at reviews. Install I. But probably what we want to do is install it. So I’m going to press enter. Add-on store. Available add-ons. Stable. Dialogue speech history review and copying. Actions button alt C. Add-on in. Add-ons. Restart NVDA dialogue changes were made to add-ons. You must restart NVDA for these changes to take effect. would you like to restart now yes button alt y i do want to restart loading nvda nvda has restarted and what you need to be able to do here is read the documentation for that add-on and learn to we don’t have time in this community call to do that but at least you know now that it exists So now I have been teasing you about keyboard history, and we are going to actually turn it on now and use it for a minute. The idea is that you can put more than one item on the clipboard. By default, the clipboard only holds one item. So as soon as you do a cut or a copy, you erase the last content. With clipboard history, you can retain what was a previously stored on the clipboard. That is, everything you add is appended to the clipboard. So let’s take a look at that with, what was our keystroke? Windows V. V as in Virgo. Windows V. Let’s get started. Turn on clipboard history to copy and view multiple items. Okay, so now we have Mary had a little lamb here. I’ll let you hear it. Mary had a little lamb. Her fleece was white as snow. And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go. So let’s just copy the third line. So I’m going to do home, shift-end. And everywhere that Mary went. I’m going to do copy. I am going to go up and grab the first line. Her fleece was white. Mary had a little lamb. Home. I’m going to do home. Mike. Mike. I’m going to do. Mary had a little lamb. Shift-end. And I’m going to do copy. So now that’s what I have on my clipboard. Two different parts of this poem. So I’m going to erase the whole poem here by doing control and delete. So now we have a blank notepad. And then I’m going to pull up clipboard history with Windows V. Windows V, let’s get started. Turn on clipboard history to copy and view multiple items. And it’s asking me if I want to turn it on. It’s only going to do this once. It’s persistent. And after I turn it on, it’s going to stay on. Clipboard history selected. Enter. So I select the one I want. I can select Mary had a little lamb first. And control V. Mary had a little lamb. Notepad. Text editor edit. And it pasted that. And then if I go back to the clipboard history with Windows V. Windows V. And everywhere that Mary went, comma. And I can press enter on that. And control V. Mary had a little lamb. And everywhere that Mary went. every time you copy something to the clipboard, it is saved in this clipboard history. Then, if you want one of the things that’s in your clipboard history, you do Windows V, you arrow and you press enter, and it automatically does a control V and pastes that particular chunk of text into where you are. There are two more things with JAWS that I need to show you. One problem people have with JAWS is that sometimes they go to copy checks from their email or from a web page and it doesn’t copy the right thing. And the solution to that is to change your copy settings. I’m going to explain them to you. We’re going to pull this up with quick settings, but you can also do it in setting center. So if you don’t know how to use quick settings and center, you really should go through the JAWS training on these topics because adjusting your configuration can make a huge difference in how JAWS reads to you. Let’s go into quick settings now and choose the word copy. I’m going to do insert V. Quick settings, edge dialog, search box, And you need to pull up quick settings if you are in Chrome, Edge, or Firefox, or inside of Outlook in order to find this particular setting. Otherwise, it’s not going to show up. I’m going to type copy in the search box here. C-O-P-Y. And press enter. Search box edit copy. To search results list box. Select and copy full content using on-screen highlight. Personalize web settings. So we have personalized web settings. Select and copy full content using on-screen highlight. Virtual cursor options. And we also have this setting under virtual cursor options. Now, select and copy full content using on-screen highlight is sort of overly technical. But what it basically means is it’s going to look at how the web page is designed, or if you have HTML-based email, how that email is set up. And it’s going to copy the full formatting, the full HTML of that email. So, for example, if you want to steal a table off of the website and paste it into a Word document, this is the setting you need. If you want to make sure you have all of the font and like the layout, maybe it’s a list or something. You want all the formatting of a web page to be included when you copy. This is the setting you need. The problem is if you select something and you’re only selecting part of the formatting, it’s going to try to grab the closest thing that has full formatting in it, and it may not grab the text you’re expecting. So you want to change this setting. In Settings Center and Click Settings, all you’ve got to do here is press Space. I’m going to press Space, and it will change the settings. Space from Virtual Cursor, one of two. So now I’ve said just select and copy from Virtual Cursor. So instead of copying what the web page formatting is like, it’s going to copy whatever the Virtual Cursor is showing you as a JAWS user. It’s basically copying what JAWS is saying. So again, the two choices are select and copy. Space, full content using on-screen highlight, two of two. Full content using on-screen highlight or select and copy. Space, from virtual cursor, one of two. Select and copy from virtual cursor. So if you set it to from virtual cursor, usually when you select text, you will get everything you’re expecting to select. There are two configurations here. One of them, again, is for personalized webpages. That’s webpages you’ve had set up with your own configuration or JAWS set up with its configuration. And virtual cursor, which is just a generic setting for any time a virtual cursor is available, for example, in the JAWS help or in your email. Or there are many programs now where the virtual cursor is available because there’s an HTML view. And I’m sorry this is a little bit technical, but the important thing is to change your setting of Selected Copy to Virtual Christer if you are struggling to copy something. One last JAWS feature I’d like you to be aware of is the Insert Windows C command. And you can do it by holding down the Insert key and the Windows key and the letter C as in cat. Now, you already know that control C is the copy command. So anytime you have something on your clipboard, control C will copy it. But JAWS has added a feature called the FS clipboard. And what that is, is if you do insert Windows C, it will copy text to the clipboard, but it won’t wipe out what was there before. It won’t erase the clipboard. So right now, if you copy text off of the clipboard, when you select text again, it’s erase what was there. If you do the insert window C, it’s going to append to the clipboard. So you could go through something where you wanted to select pieces of text, like maybe you wanted to excerpt pieces of a web page or pieces of a document and put it all in one paste. So to do that, instead of doing control C for copy, you would do insert windows C for copy, and it would keep adding, it would keep appending to the clipboard, anything that you were selecting. And so once you had collected all the little snippets of text you needed, then you would do control Z and you would paste it all in to one cell swoop. You can read more about the FS Clipboard either using the JAWS help system or using FS Companion. So those are the two JAWS features I’d like to cover. The difference between the FS Clipboard and Clipboard History is that Clipboard History is built into Windows and it works across applications. Anywhere that you want to paste, If you do Windows V instead of Control V, you get a list of everything that’s been copied or cut to the clipboard in your current session with Windows. And you can arrow through that list of chunks of text and select anything you want and press enter and it gets pasted. That’s how clipboard history works. The JAWS FS clipboard is a little bit different because there’s no special piece command. When you paste, you just paste everything that’s in the clipboard. But if you do insert window C, you’re always appending to that clipboard rather than wiping out what was already there. See, when you normally paste, you are erasing what was previously in the clipboard. And that’s the difference here. Now, to further confuse you, there is yet a third clipboard, and that is the Office clipboard. And that operates in Word, Excel, Outlook, and other Office applications. And if you’re really into that, you can go Google for it and learn more about the Office clipboard. One more command that I wanted to mention. So if you ever want to know what is in the clipboard, speech history would work here too to read that clipboard. But that JAWS layered command that Deborah showed us, the JAWS key space, and then the M to mark it, Instead of the letter M, you would press the letter C. And then JAWS would bring up a virtual viewer showing you exactly what is in the clipboard. Oh, belly-welly, I totally forgot about that one. That is an awesome command. I love that command. Go ahead, Carla. The question I have is, I love the JAWS, you know, the command that you do, the control window, K and then you mark it and go to the insert space M and paste it that way. Why doesn’t it work? If I’ve opened a PDF document online, what happens is I get my hymnal from, or my hymns the bulletin from church, and sometimes the secretary doesn’t send it to me and it’s online and somehow I get it to open that. But if I go in there and I select those, you know, where I want it to begin and where I want it to end, and I use that command, it doesn’t work. Is there a reason for that, or am I doing something wrong? When you get it online, is it opening in Edge, or is it opening in Adobe Reader? Do you know how it’s opening? I’ve tried it both ways, opening it in Google Chrome, and sometimes I have better luck with it open in Chrome, and then sometimes I’ll do it in Edge, but it seems the results are the same, And sometimes Edge doesn’t always let me open it as easily. Now, they may have protected it. You know, when you create PDFs, you can actually set it so that people are not allowed to copy it. And they might have done that if I could have you, like, send it to me and I could look at it and tell you if they did that. But it’s also possible that you need to turn that virtual cursor setting on, going into quick settings, and choose select and copy and set it from virtual cursor. See if that works. Another suggestion I have for you, Carla, is that speech history that Deborah brought up. I want you to clear it first. So do the JAWS key space and then shift H. Is that right, Deborah, to clear it? That’s right. And then she could have her cursor where she wants it to start copying. And then she could have it where she wants it to end. You read until you want it to end. And then you do the JAWS key space control H and copy all of that to the clipboard. Okay. Yes, that would work too. Well, all the keystrokes I did in this training, I also posted to the access list, the BITS access list. So, you know, for BITS members, they have all that information. And this recording will be available on podcast as well. Absolutely. All the basics with BITS appear in the ACB Community Podcast. Thank you. I think I might have missed something when you were demonstrating turning on the Windows clipboard. When you press Windows plus V for victory to open that, if you haven’t turned it on yet, there’s a button there that you can hover on first. Yeah, and you just press enter and it turns it on. You basically do Windows V. It asks if you want to turn it on, but you press enter and it turns it on. And then after that, anytime you select text, it shows up in the clipboard history until you reboot. You can also make it permanent by doing something called pinning it, which means you have to right click on it. and choose pin and that’ll make it permanent but um it works you know you don’t have to have jaws sighted people use it too the only difference if you’re sighted is is you would go into settings probably and turn it on instead of doing windows v and then you would mouse over to i use nvda so Yeah, I learned it from Chansi. She was teaching NVDA class, and that’s how I learned it. Okay, so Microsoft Office also has a clipboard. And you’re like, wait a minute, why would I want to use that when we got a Windows clipboard? And the reason is, if you’re doing sophisticated things in Office, when you use the Office clipboard, it preserves all the Office-specific formatting. So, say you had a table in a Word document, you want to paste it in an email, and maybe you were worried, you know, I don’t know if JAWS or is going to read this right. Say it’s very visually attractive in your Word document, and you want to make sure absolutely it looks good in your email. Well, what you could do is, if your email was Outlook, you could use the Office clipboard to paste it. And if you look for Word keyboard shortcuts, all of them are there, including the keyboard shortcuts for the Office clipboard. I think it’s Alt-HFO to turn it on, but like I said, I documented all of that. If you’re a Bits member, you can find it on the Bits access list. If you’re not a Bits member, I’d suggest you go to the keyboard shortcuts for Word and look it up. Once you have the Office clipboard turned on, you can actually go to where you want to select text. Select text normally, and then do F2 and enter, it will copy it to the Office clipboard. Office also has a feature called the spike, and the spike is controlled with various versions of the F3 key, either Shift F3, Control S3, Alt F3, and all of these you can look up in the keyboard shortcuts for Word. But the spike is another kind of clipboard, but it is like the FS clipboard. So the idea is you go somewhere and you put something on the spike, and then you go somewhere else and put something else on the spike, and you keep doing that until you have all of the text you want, and then you can paste the spike. So the Office clipboard works just like the Windows clipboard, except it preserves all the Office-specific formatting. And the spike works just like the FS clipboard, except that, again, it’s also preserving all the formatting and it allows you to do appending so that you don’t have to be like a little bird building a nest, right? You get something, you paste it, you get something, you paste it. And that can be really tedious going back and forth. If you find that you have to lift various pieces of text from a document and paste them somewhere else, the spike can be a much more convenient way to do it. And that’s spelled S-P-I-K-E. And you can look it up in the Word keyboard shortcut. The first time I learned about the spike was at one of these Basics with Bits presentations as Tyson brought it up to us after we were learning about it. And I was just like, I have been using Office forever. And we learned about the spike, but the spike is really cool. But it works only in Office applications. The one thing I forgot to say about the FS Clipboard when I was doing this demo is it only preserves the text. So you lose all the formatting with the FS Clipboard. And you retain all the Office formatting if you’re pasting with an Office using the spike or the Office Clipboard. Yeah, that’s why we have these great presentations. And I want to thank you so much, Deborah, for this one, because it was really, really well done and really good. We learned a lot of really new things about JAWS, about NVDA. I love the way that you can mark the end of the text and just copy it right to the clipboard when you press it twice quickly. That’s really cool. I forgot to say that in newer versions of NVDA, it looks like you can use a virtual cursor in browse mode and arrow around and select text the same way you do in JAWS. But in older versions of NVDA, the only way to select text is doing the insert F9 and insert F10 to mark the start and end. And then the other thing I’ve noticed with NVDA, it does not preserve any formatting. So all you’re ever going to get is the text. So we invite you all to download the podcast when it’s available. We invite you all to check out Bits at bits-acb.org. and we invite you to join us for the next presentation of Basics with Bits on August 9th. We appreciate you all. Hope you enjoy the rest of your weekend. And. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.